Every licensed bank in the European Union, the EEA and the United Kingdom is required to support open banking. That is not a recommendation or a product choice — it is a legal obligation under the PSD2 directive (2015/2366), fully in force since September 2019. In practice, this means hundreds of banks across Europe expose open banking APIs, from the largest universal banks to mobile-first challengers.
The real question is not whether your bank supports PSD2 — it almost certainly does. The real question is which apps know how to talk to it, how the experience differs between banks, and how to verify compliance if you want to be certain. This guide answers all three.
Key takeaways
- 554 authorised Third Party Providers operate across the EEA and UK as of Q4 2025 (Konsentus, 2025)
- Germany leads with 206 TPPs, followed by Italy (199). Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Poland and Sweden each exceed 185 providers
- PSD2 compliance is mandatory for every licensed bank in the EU/EEA. If your bank holds a banking licence, it offers open banking — by law
- Read-only access by default. AISP providers can see transactions and balances, but never initiate payments or store your banking password
- Challenger banks are included. Revolut, N26, Monzo, Bunq and Wise are all PSD2 compliant and connect exactly the same way as traditional banks
Which European banks support open banking in 2026?
The European open banking landscape is broad but structured. To make sense of hundreds of compliant banks, we group them into four layers. We call this the Martia Open Banking Map — a simple way to understand how a given bank plugs into PSD2.
The Martia Open Banking Map — four layers
The Martia Open Banking Map is a practical framework for grouping PSD2-compliant banks in Europe. Layer 1: pan-European universal banks with direct PSD2 APIs (BNP Paribas, Santander, ING, HSBC, Deutsche Bank, UniCredit). Layer 2: national and regional banks covered under domestic regulators (Commerzbank, Lloyds, Nordea, Rabobank, KBC, BBVA). Layer 3: cooperative and mutual banks accessed through shared infrastructure (Crédit Mutuel, Raiffeisen, Credit Agricole cooperative networks). Layer 4: challenger banks and neobanks operating under an EU passport (Revolut, N26, Monzo, Bunq, Wise). Every layer is PSD2 compliant, but they differ in implementation detail, API quality and reliability.
Layer 1: Pan-European universal banks
The largest European banks operate across multiple countries and have invested heavily in PSD2 infrastructure. Their APIs tend to be the most stable and deliver the richest transaction data. If your account is with one of these banks, connecting to a budgeting app is almost always a smooth 60–90 second experience.
| Bank | Primary market | Home regulator |
|---|---|---|
| BNP Paribas | France, BE, IT, PL | ACPR (France) |
| Santander | Spain, UK, PT, DE, PL | Banco de España |
| ING Group | Netherlands, DE, BE, PL | DNB (Netherlands) |
| HSBC | UK, FR, DE | FCA / PRA (UK) |
| Deutsche Bank | Germany, IT, ES | BaFin (Germany) |
| UniCredit | Italy, DE, AT | Banca d'Italia |
| Intesa Sanpaolo | Italy | Banca d'Italia |
| Société Générale | France, CZ | ACPR (France) |
| Crédit Agricole | France, IT, PL | ACPR (France) |
Non-exhaustive list. All banks above operate multi-country PSD2 APIs and are registered in the EBA public credit institution register.
Layer 2: National and regional banks
Domestic-focused banks — Commerzbank in Germany, Lloyds and NatWest in the UK, Rabobank and ABN AMRO in the Netherlands, Nordea and Handelsbanken in the Nordic countries, BBVA and CaixaBank in Spain, KBC in Belgium — all operate PSD2 APIs supervised by their national regulators. Coverage is typically excellent, though API stability can vary more than Layer 1.
Layer 3: Cooperative and mutual banks
Cooperative banking networks — Crédit Mutuel in France, the Raiffeisen groups across Germany and Austria, Banco Popolare networks in Italy, the Banco BPM cooperative, Polish BPS and SGB groups — often share a common PSD2 infrastructure across their member banks. If you bank with a small mutual or local cooperative, the network it belongs to is usually the reason your account is still reachable by open banking apps.
Layer 4: Challenger banks and neobanks
Mobile-first banks operate across Europe under EU passporting, which lets them offer services in every member state under a single national licence. From a PSD2 perspective they behave exactly like traditional banks — their APIs are regulated by the same directive and supervised by the regulator of their home country.
- Revolut — licensed in Lithuania, passported across EEA
- N26 — licensed in Germany (BaFin), passported across EEA
- Monzo — licensed in the UK (FCA)
- Bunq — licensed in the Netherlands (DNB)
- Wise — licensed in Belgium and the UK
European open banking by the numbers
Sources: Konsentus Q4 2025 TPP Tracker, European Banking Authority — PSD2
What does it actually mean for a bank to 'support PSD2'?
A bank that 'supports PSD2' exposes a regulated API that authorised third parties can use — with the customer's explicit consent — to read account balances and transaction history. This is not a commercial feature the bank chooses to offer. It is a legal requirement of the PSD2 directive, supervised by the European Banking Authority at EU level and by each member state's financial regulator at national level.
The critical difference from the older screen-scraping method: with open banking, the app never sees your banking password. Your bank issues a scoped, short-lived access token — permission to read transactions only, nothing more. Your credentials stay with the bank, where they belong.
Myth vs. reality
Myth: "Open banking means every bank has its own public budgeting app."
Reality: Open banking is infrastructure — a standardised way for other apps to read your bank data with your consent. The bank provides the API. A separate app (such as Martia) consumes it. The bank itself typically offers nothing new to the end user — it's third-party companies that build products on top of the open data. Under the PSD2 directive (2015/2366), every licensed bank in the EU has been obligated to provide this access since September 2019.
What exactly does the app get to see?
The AISP (Account Information Service Provider) scope defined by PSD2 is narrow and explicit. A compliant app can see:
- Your account list (IBANs, currencies, product names)
- The current balance of each account
- Transaction history — amounts, dates, counterparty names
- Payment references and the bank's own transaction categories
What the app cannot see: your password, card numbers, PINs, login credentials, saved payees, security settings or any sensitive data beyond the transaction history itself. The scope is deliberately minimal.
If you want the full mechanics, read our guide to open banking and whether it is safe — it breaks down the entire mechanism from first principles.
Your bank is on the list? See every transaction in one place
Martia connects to European banks through a licensed open banking provider. Pick your bank, log in on the bank's own page, approve read-only access. Ninety seconds. No passwords handed to the app, no statement exports, no manual entry.
Country breakdown — where is the European open banking market strongest?
Every EU/EEA member state has open banking under PSD2, but the density of providers and the maturity of the ecosystem vary significantly. The Konsentus Q4 2025 tracker gives the clearest current picture.
| Country | Authorised TPPs (Q4 2025) | National regulator |
|---|---|---|
| Germany | 206 | BaFin |
| Italy | 199 | Banca d'Italia |
| United Kingdom | 193 | FCA |
| Belgium | 185+ | NBB / FSMA |
| France | 185+ | ACPR |
| Netherlands | 185+ | DNB |
| Poland | 185+ | KNF |
| Sweden | 185+ | Finansinspektionen |
| EEA total | 361 | EBA (coordinator) |
| Europe total | 554 | EBA + FCA |
Source: Konsentus Q4 2025 Third Party Provider Open Banking Tracker. Numbers reflect authorised providers, not usage or market share.
What the country numbers actually tell you
High TPP counts do not mean every consumer is using open banking — most of those authorised providers serve business use cases (lending, accounting, payroll). But the density of registered providers is a reliable proxy for the maturity of the ecosystem in a given country: a dense provider base means richer competition, more product choice and greater likelihood that your budgeting app of choice is already integrated with your specific bank.
Practical takeaway: if you bank in Germany, Italy, the UK, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Poland or Sweden, you are in the densest corners of the European open banking market. Every major budgeting app that claims European coverage will work with your bank.
What about Revolut, N26, Monzo and the other challenger banks?
Challenger banks sit under the exact same PSD2 regime as traditional banks. They have full banking licences, they serve customers across Europe through EU passporting, and their APIs are regulated by the same directive. From a budgeting-app perspective, connecting Revolut to a financial tool is functionally identical to connecting Santander — both go through the same PSD2 authentication flow.
A situation you might recognise
You keep your salary in Santander in Spain. You spend day-to-day on a Revolut card. You have a savings pot in Bunq because the interest is higher. You do some cross-border invoicing through Wise. That is four separate banking apps on your phone, and no single view of your money. This is the problem open banking exists to solve. Every one of those accounts is PSD2 compliant. They can all sit in one dashboard.
Where challenger banks actually differ is in the richness of the data their APIs return. The larger challengers (Revolut, N26, Monzo) tend to provide well-structured, detailed transaction data with clean merchant names. Smaller or newer neobanks sometimes return minimal fields, which affects how well a budgeting app can categorise your spending automatically.
If you're juggling accounts across multiple providers, the whole point of open banking is to bring them into a single view. See our guide on syncing bank accounts with a budgeting app for the full mechanics.
Multiple banks across Europe? One dashboard, no manual work
Martia supports European banks and challenger banks through a licensed open banking provider. Salary in BNP Paribas, savings in N26, daily spending on Revolut, a side project account on Wise — everything in one place. No spreadsheets, no statement exports, nothing typed by hand.
How to check if your specific bank supports open banking
If your bank holds a licence in the EU, EEA or UK, it supports open banking. The law leaves no room for exceptions. But if you want to verify before opening an account or choosing a budgeting app, three methods are reliable.
Method 1: The EBA public register
The European Banking Authority maintains a public register of all licensed credit institutions and payment service providers in the EEA. If a bank is listed there, it is legally required to expose a PSD2 API. The register is searchable by institution name and country, and is the authoritative source for EU banking licences.
Method 2: The budgeting app test
Open a budgeting app such as Martia, pick your country and look for your bank in the list. If the logo appears, you can connect straight away. This is the fastest test because it answers a sharper question: not just "is this bank PSD2 compliant" but "does this specific app already have an integration with it".
Method 3: Your online banking settings
Log in to your online banking and look for a "Third Party Access", "Consents", "Open Banking" or "Authorised Apps" section in the security settings. Every PSD2-compliant bank is required to provide a management interface where you can see and revoke third-party access. The existence of that panel alone confirms the bank is compliant.
Once you've confirmed your bank is on board, the next step is actually connecting it. The full process takes about 90 seconds — we've documented it in our step-by-step guide to connecting a bank account to a budgeting app.
Who regulates open banking in Europe?
Open banking in Europe is supervised on three levels: EU-wide, national, and the home-country regulator of each app provider. This multi-layer oversight is the core reason PSD2 is a safer model than the screen-scraping era that preceded it.
European Banking Authority (EBA)
The EBA publishes the Regulatory Technical Standards (RTS) that implement PSD2 across the Union and maintains a public register of every authorised TPP in the EEA. It does not directly supervise individual providers, but it sets the rules that national regulators enforce.
National financial regulators
Each member state has its own financial supervisor: BaFin in Germany, ACPR in France, DNB in the Netherlands, Finansinspektionen in Sweden, Banco de España in Spain, Banca d'Italia in Italy, KNF in Poland, the FSMA and NBB in Belgium. These bodies register AISPs in their country and supervise compliance on the ground. An app operating in a country must either be directly registered with that country's regulator or passport in from another EEA state.
UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA)
After Brexit, the UK maintains its own open banking regime, supervised by the FCA and administered operationally by the Open Banking Implementation Entity (OBIE). The regime is functionally equivalent to PSD2 — a UK-licensed bank is as compliant as any EU-licensed bank, and many providers hold both UK and EU authorisations.
How it works in practice — the Martia example
Martia connects to European banks through GoCardless Bank Account Data, a licensed provider with dual authorisation from the FCA in the UK and the FKTK in Latvia (passported into the EU). That gives three layers of oversight: FCA and FKTK supervise GoCardless directly, the EBA sets the PSD2 standard, and each national regulator supervises the relationship with banks in their own market. You don't need to know the details — but the layers exist, they work, and they protect your data.
Frequently asked questions
Which European banks support open banking?
Under the PSD2 directive, all licensed banks in the EU, EEA and UK are required to offer open banking access to third parties with the customer's consent. In practice, this covers every major bank across the continent: BNP Paribas, Santander, ING, HSBC, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, Crédit Agricole, Société Générale, Intesa Sanpaolo, UniCredit, Barclays, Lloyds, Nordea, Handelsbanken and hundreds more. Challenger banks such as Revolut, N26, Monzo, Bunq and Wise are equally covered. As of Q4 2025, 554 authorised Third Party Providers operate across Europe (Konsentus, 2025).
Is my bank PSD2 compliant?
If you hold an account at any licensed bank in the EU, EEA or UK, your bank is required by law to be PSD2 compliant. The PSD2 directive (2015/2366) has been fully in force since September 2019. The fastest way to check: open a budgeting app like Martia, select your country, and look for your bank in the list. Alternatively, log in to your online banking and look for a 'Third Party Access', 'Consents' or 'Open Banking' section in the security settings — every PSD2-compliant bank must provide one.
Which country has the most open banking providers?
According to the Konsentus Q4 2025 TPP Tracker, Germany leads the EEA with 206 authorised Third Party Providers, closely followed by Italy with 199. Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Poland and Sweden have each passed 185 providers. The United Kingdom — outside the EEA but with an equivalent open banking regime — hosts 193 TPPs. Total European coverage stands at 554 authorised providers across the EEA and UK.
Do challenger banks like Revolut and N26 support open banking?
Yes. Challenger banks operating in Europe must comply with PSD2 just like traditional banks. Revolut is licensed in Lithuania, N26 in Germany, Bunq in the Netherlands, Monzo in the UK and Wise in Belgium and the UK — all of them expose PSD2-compliant APIs. From a user's perspective, connecting a Revolut account to a budgeting app works exactly the same as connecting Deutsche Bank or BNP Paribas.
Who regulates open banking in Europe?
Open banking in the EU is regulated on three levels. At the European level, the European Banking Authority (EBA) sets the technical standards (RTS) and maintains a public register of all authorised TPPs. At national level, each member state has its own financial regulator — BaFin in Germany, ACPR in France, DNB in the Netherlands, Finansinspektionen in Sweden, KNF in Poland, the FCA in the UK, the FKTK in Latvia. Each app providing open banking services must be registered with at least one of these regulators, either directly or through EU passporting.
What does it mean for a bank to support PSD2?
When a bank 'supports PSD2', it means it provides a regulated programmatic interface (API) that authorised third parties can use to read account balances and transaction history — with the customer's explicit consent. Access is read-only by default (AISP — Account Information Service Provider). The app never sees your banking password, cannot initiate payments and can only access your data for 180 days before you have to re-authorise (under the revised RTS, extended from the original 90 days).
How do I check if my bank is on the open banking list?
Three reliable methods. (1) Check the EBA's public register of authorised credit institutions at eba.europa.eu — every bank licensed in the EEA is listed. (2) Open a budgeting app such as Martia, pick your country, and browse the supported banks. If your bank's logo appears, you can connect straight away. (3) Log into your bank's online portal and look for a 'Consents', 'Third Party Access' or 'Open Banking' menu — its presence alone confirms PSD2 compliance.
Sources and further reading
- Konsentus (2025), Q4 2025 Third Party Provider Open Banking Tracker — 554 authorised TPPs across the EEA and UK, konsentus.com
- European Parliament / Council (2015), PSD2 Directive (2015/2366) — legal basis for open banking in the EU, fully enforceable since September 2019, eur-lex.europa.eu
- European Banking Authority (2025), Payment services and electronic money — regulatory framework, eba.europa.eu
- Konsentus (2025), The Unfinished Story of European Open Banking: Progress, Gaps and the Road to Open Finance, konsentus.com
Read more
What is open banking and is it safe? →
The mechanics of open banking explained: PSD2, AISP, how the data flows and why the regulatory model protects you.
How to connect a bank account to a budgeting app →
The step-by-step process for linking any PSD2-compliant European bank to a budgeting tool.
Bank account sync with a budgeting app →
How automatic transaction sync works across European banks — security, frequency and limits.
Automatic expense categorisation →
Why the quality of data your bank returns under PSD2 affects how well an app can categorise your spending.